This is a known issue on Valve's side:
https://github.com/ValveSoftware/steam-for-linux/issues/9383Workaround:
Open /usr/share/applications/steam.desktop and remove these two lines:
PrefersNonDefaultGPU
X-KDE-RunOnDiscreteGpu
You may also have to do this on ~/Desktop/steam.desktop
close steam
open terminal
run steam --reset
close steam again
Now steam should properly open from menu icon/shortcuts